Demo 8

Verb (Basic) English – from Plinth to Paramount 1 Verb verb 'doing word' Verb Helping Verb Main Verb Modals Main verb verbs ds vUrxZr ge mu dks i<+rs gSa tks okD; ds eq[; fØ;k ds LFkku ij vkrs gSaA (Be, Do, Have) tks Main verb Can, Could, May, etc. dk dk;Z ugha dj ldrs gSaA ,oa nks uksa dk dk;Z dj ldrs gSa A tS ls% uksV% e used Need Dare to (Marginal Auxiliary Verbs) modal main verb Need, dar ,oa ,oa ,oa nksuksa dk dk;Z dj ldrk gSA modal adjective Used to tks Helping verb ,oa nksuksa dk dk;Z dj ldrs gSaA Main verb Primary Auxiliary Verbs AUXILIARY VERBS: verbs verbs Auxiliary verbs helping verbs 1. MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS : Can, Could, May, Might, Shall, Will, Would, Should, Must, Ought to Modal Auxiliary Verbs helping verb 1. (a) She Modal can  M.V. run  fast. (b) You Modal should   M.V. study English. 2. MARGINAL AUXILIARY VERBS : Used to, need, dare Marginal Auxiliary Verbs Modals Main Verb (need dare) adjective (used to) 1 VERB (BASIC) CHAPTER

Verb (Basic) English – from Plinth to Paramount 2 1. I  H.V. am  Adjective used to Gerund sleeping  late at night. 2. (a) I  M.V. need you. (b) You  H.V. need not Direct infinitive come  tomorrow. 3. (a) She does not  M.V. dare Infinitive to come  home late. (b) I  H.V. dare not Direct infinitive enter  his room without permission. AUXILIARY VERBS Rule (1): Modal Auxiliary Verbs Main Verbs Helping Verbs I  H.V. can  M.V lift this box He H.V. should   M.V work hard. Rule (2): Modal Auxiliary verbs V 1 , V 2 , V 3 , ing-form s/es-form Numbers persons Subjects (form) She can  1 V help you. You should 1 V understand  you friends. Rule (3): Ought Used Infinitive ‘to + V 1 ’ We ought 1 to + V to respect  our parents. He used 1 to + V to come  late. USE OF MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS CAN COULD Rule (1): Can power ability capacity Could Past ability/ power/ capacity 1. He can lift the box. 2. I could not come yesterday. Rule (2): Can permission 1. You can go now.

Verb (Basic) English – from Plinth to Paramount 3 Rule (3): Can theoretical possibility Everyone can make a mistake. Rule (4): Could remote possibility There could be a bomb under your seat. Rule (5): Can Could 1. Can I take your scooter? 2. Could I talk to Mr. Shukla? Note: 'able to' 'can/could' I cannot be able to come tomorrow. (×) superfluous 'superfluous' 'more than what is needed'. formation I cannot come tomorrow. () I will not be able to come tomorrow. () MAY, MIGHT ,oa MUST Rule (1): May It may rain tonight. Rule (2): May optative sentence May you live long ! Rule (3): Principal clause Present Tense subordinate clause that/so that/ in order that purpose subordinate clause may We eat so that we may live. Rule (4): Might less possibility may more possibility He might pass the exam but seeing his intelligence, I do not have much hope. Rule (5): Must He stays in five-star hotels and travels by flight. He must be very rich. Rule (6): 'May' May I come in sir? May Might 'Possibly' 'likely' We may possibly come tomorrow. (×) (Superfluous) We may come tomorrow. () We will possibly come tomorrow. ()

Verb (Basic) English – from Plinth to Paramount 4 SHALL ,oa WILL Rule (1): Shall first person Subjects I/We future subjects 'will' I shall go to college tomorrow and he will come with me.  Modern English 'I' 'we' 'will' interrogative sentence 'I' 'we' 'shall' Will I go? (×) Shall I go? () Shall second person Subject – you third person Subjects – He, she, it, they, command promise threat determination compulsion Advice will I We (a) Command You shall leave the room at once. (b) Promise You shall be awarded. I will help you come what may. (c) Threat Trespassers shall be prosecuted. I will punish you. (d) Determination I will work hard and score good marks. (e) Compulsion You shall be here for the meeting. I will have to finish this work. Rule (2): Let us/ let’s Imperative sentences question tags 'shall' Let us dance together, shall we ? Rule (3): Shall suggestions Interrogative sentence first person subjects Shall we talk to the management? 'Shall' 'will' 1. past He hoped that he will would pass the test. past 'Will/ shall' 'would/ should' 'will/shall' Modal verb